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First published 26/8/2019 – Last edited 06/5/2025
Cigarette Filters and the Hidden Cost of Littering on Our Environment
When most people think of litter, plastic bottles or food wrappers often come to mind. Yet there’s one type of waste that is arguably more toxic, smaller — basically hiding in plain sight. We’re talking about cigarette filters, a severely under-estimated and massive contributor to plastic pollution and ecosystem damage.
Every year, billions of cigarette butts are dropped on streets, beaches, and parks. They may be small, but the environmental footprint is anything but. In fact, cigarette filters are the most littered item in the world, and they’re wreaking havoc on soil, waterways, and marine life.
What Are Cigarette Filters Really Made Of?
It’s easy to assume the soft white interior of a cigarette filter is cotton and biodegradable. In reality, it’s cellulose acetate, a type of plastic made from wood pulp but highly chemically processed into a form that’s tough and slow to degrade like all other plastic.
Unlike paper or cotton, this material can take years — sometimes a decade or more — to break down.
And even as it does, it doesn’t ever vanish. Instead, it breaks into tiny plastic fragments — microplastics and nanoplastics that settle into the environment and enter our food chain.
The total impact of discarded cigarette filters on our health and environment is mind-blowing.
Once cigarette filters have filtered toxic cigarette smoke — much like the smokers that have discarded them — the cigarette butts are themselves full of these toxins.
The known carcinogens of cigarette butts then leach from the cigarette filter into the ground and waterways. Damaging living organisms and the organic ecosystems that come into contact with them; such as fish, birds and insects.
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